BERLIN.- A team of scientists, comprising members from Berlin's Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Universitt Greifswald, the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig and the Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research in Kiel, have managed to unlock the secrets surrounding the dating of the burial site of Combe Capelle that was discovered by the Swiss researcher Otto Hauser in 1909.



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After an initial sample of the famous skull failed to yield results in radiocarbon dating, a second sample was taken from a molar in the lower jaw for testing in June 2009 in Kiel.
In previous cases, compact tooth enamel had shown better preservation conditions of the collagen needed for radiocarbon dating.
A sufficient amount of collagen was able to be extracted after preparation and intense cleaning of the tooth substance.
Subsequent analysis using accelerator mass spectrometry at the laboratory in Kiel assigned a date of 7575 BCE to the remains of what had previously been assumed to be an early Homo sapiens specimen, meaning earlier assumptions had been out by several thousands of years.
The new dating for the site at Combe Capelle not only underscores the fact that finds of early anatomically modern humans, pre-dating 30,000 years ago, are extremely rare in Europe, but also confirms the trend that we have no evidence of burials from this era.
At the same time, it has become clear that Chtelperronian culture in France was practised exclusively by the last Neanderthals.
The new date places the crouched inhumation site from the rock shelter of Combe Capelle in the Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), when humans lived in warm climatic conditions and survived by hunting, fishing and gathering nuts and berries, including hazelnuts.
However, interpretation of results may be confounded by the differentiated routing of macronutrients (energy, that is carbohydrates and lipids, and protein) having associated different isotopic signals (δ signal contributions originate from surprisingly consistent proportions of protein and energy macronutrients.
Given that feeding experiments explore extreme variations in the proportion of diet macronutrients, the applicability of the proposed model and its predictions were tested in a variety of well-known, wild animal and human, natural contexts.
Possible biochemical mechanisms explaining these empirical results are discussed.
The Kiel Cluster of Excellence “The Future Ocean” is a unique research group in Germany made up of more than 200 scientists from six faculties of the Kiel University of Kiel (CAU), the GEOMAR | Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, the Institute for World Economy (If W) and the Muthesius University of Fine Arts.